So we have only learned と. But there are lots of other ways. Will update as I learn.

Sources:

Tae Kim: Listing Multiple Nouns

Tae Kim: Noun-related Particles

と and も

と and も are used to connect different nouns together to form an inclusive group. Similar to English “and”, forms a inclusive group of all of the nouns it connects.

も is used as “both”, adds more emphasis. You get a noun compound afterwards.

Ex.

僕と母と父と兄 - “Me, my mother, my father, and my older brother”

宿題も仕事も - “Both homework and work”

や and とか

や and とか are similar to と in that they form a list of nouns, but they add the implication that not all items in the list may apply, and that there may be others that are unlisted. Similar to English “and/or, … etc” or “things like …”.

Difference is that とか is more colloquial and casual.

Ex.

新しい靴とかシャツとかズボンは要るの - “I need new (things like) shoes, shirts, and pants (and others)”

何がありますか？じゃあ、車や飛行機や戦車があります - “What is there? Well, there are (things like) cars, planes, and tanks (etc.)”

か

Can be used to connect multiple nouns to give the English meaning of “or”. Note it is actually the same as the か question particle. This is just a contraction of multiple sentence fragment questions. Used mainly for casual. For formal, you can use 又は for “or/otherwise” or just use sentence fragments.

今日か明日がいいと思っている - “I think today or tomorrow is good”

これかこれかこれができる - “I can do this, this, or this”




Vocab:

Here are some kanji from the lessons that I wasn’t really familiar with at this point:

  • 靴 seen it around. Means “shoe”. Pronounced “kutsu”.